Advantages Of The Hydraulic Fracturing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advantages Of The Hydraulic Fracturing - Essay Example This high-pressure mixture provides for an outward path for the gas and oil (DECC). Hydraulic fracturing has many advantages. The most significant advantage is that greater quantities of fossil fuels can be produced through this method. This provides for an economic benefit which can be understood by the reduction in the gas price in the United States due to increased production. It also provides for accessibility and production from oil and gas reserves which could otherwise not be utilized. The United States and Canada have achieved the maximal benefit and they can rely upon gas production through fracking for the next hundred years. Another added benefit of this technique is that it allows the generation of electricity through the natural gas. This is beneficial to the environment because the electrical energy produced from natural gas results in the release of half the amount of carbon dioxide in comparison to the electricity produced from coal. Furthermore, hydraulic fracturing has provided for an economic boost to the areas where this process is carried out. I t provides for employment opportunities for the local people (DECC; Koch). Despite the benefits of hydraulic fracturing, many concerns have been raised regarding the usage of this technique. It is argued that a very large quantity of water is required at the site of hydraulic fracturing which incurs environmental costs. Also, the water which is blasted into the rock layer contains various chemicals. These chemicals seep into ground water and pollute it affecting the quality of water available in the local area for the residents. Another environmental problem posed by fracking is that it can lead to earthquakes of low magnitudes. The last negative aspect cited by environmentalists is that hydraulic fracturing diverts the government and its agencies from spending on energy sources that are renewable and do not pollute the environment.

Per3 Gene and Diurnal Preference Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Per3 Gene and Diurnal Preference - Lab Report Example The forward and reverse primers were chosen for PER3 gene and they were added to the PCR tubes along with crude DNA, polymerase buffer, Taq polymerase and DNTPs.   Forward and reverse primers are chosen based on the sequence of the PER3 gene. The primers must have the unique sequence region of each gene that is not present in any other gene.   The chance for primer – dimer formation is high because of many reasons. The annealing temperature may not be correct or the template may not be proper or the DNA may have contaminants. To prevent the primer – dimer formation, the above points must be taken care off. DNA polymerase buffer helps to increase the dNTPs binding with the DNA template. Taq polymerase enzyme polymerizes double stranded DNA formation. It acts as the catalyst for the amplification reaction.The master mix was prepared according to the instructions. The tubes were then placed in the PCR and the amplification was performed. To check the success of PCR amp lification, the amplified PCR product was run in the agarose gel electrophoresis. 1.2% agarose gel was preared and casted in the casting tray. The electrophoresis box was filled with the electrophoresis running buffer and the DNA products were loaded in the gel with the loading dye. DNA ladder was loaded in the first lane and the samples in the other lanes. The positive control was a readily avalilable one and the negative control was distilled water. The postive control enables us to make sure that the separation of the DNA bands.